ЕГЭ. Устная часть: здоровый образ жизни
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- 1.Задание 39. Прочитайте текст вслух. У вас есть 1,5 минуты на подготовку. A healthy lifestyle is based on several important habits. People should eat balanced meals, drink enough water and get regular exercise. It is also necessary to have sufficient sleep and take breaks during the working day. These simple rules help us feel energetic and prevent many health problems.
- 2.Задание 40. Вы участвуете в телефонном опросе. Ответьте на четыре вопроса. На каждый вопрос давайте полный ответ. 1) How many hours a day do you usually sleep? 2) What kind of physical activity do you prefer? 3) How often do you visit a doctor? 4) What helps you avoid stress?
- 3.Задание 41. Вы участвуете в интервью. Дайте развёрнутые ответы на вопросы собеседника. 1) Why do some teenagers find it difficult to follow a healthy diet? 2) What can schools do to encourage students to do sport? 3) Why is it important to take regular breaks while studying?
- 4.Задание 42. Выберите одну фотографию и подготовьте монолог с рассуждением. У вас есть 1,5 минуты на подготовку и не более 2 минут на ответ. Imagine that you are choosing an activity for a healthy lifestyle: joining a gym or going for a daily walk. Give your opinion on which option is better for a busy teenager. Use the following plan: • explain your choice; • give two reasons; • mention one possible disadvantage of the other option; • conclude your opinion.
- 5.Задание 39. Прочитайте текст вслух. У вас есть 1,5 минуты на подготовку. Doctors say that prevention is often better than treatment. To protect our health, we should pay attention to changes in our body and visit a doctor when necessary. Regular check-ups can help people discover health problems at an early stage. It is also important not to ignore symptoms and not to take medicine without professional advice.
- 6.Задание 40. Вы участвуете в телефонном опросе. Ответьте на четыре вопроса. На каждый вопрос давайте полный ответ. 1) What do you usually eat for breakfast? 2) How do you organise your schoolwork and free time? 3) What unhealthy habit would you like to give up? 4) Who can help teenagers make healthier choices?
- 7.Задание 41. Вы участвуете в интервью. Дайте развёрнутые ответы на вопросы собеседника. 1) Why do many young people go to bed late? 2) How can a person start doing sport regularly? 3) Why should people avoid smoking and other harmful habits?
- 8.Задание 42. Подготовьте монолог с рассуждением на тему здорового образа жизни. У вас есть 1,5 минуты на подготовку и не более 2 минут на ответ. Some people believe that eating healthy food is more important than doing sport. Do you agree with this opinion? Use the following plan: • state your opinion; • give two arguments; • mention an opposing view; • explain why you agree or disagree with it; • conclude your opinion.
- 9.Задание 40. Вы участвуете в телефонном опросе. Ответьте на четыре вопроса. На каждый вопрос давайте полный ответ. 1) How often do you do physical exercises? 2) What do you do when you feel tired after studying? 3) Why is drinking enough water important? 4) Would you like to change any of your daily habits?
- 10.Задание 42. Подготовьте монолог с рассуждением. У вас есть 1,5 минуты на подготовку и не более 2 минут на ответ. Your friend wants to improve their health but has very little free time. Which change should they make first: improve their diet, sleep more or do exercise? Give your opinion. Use the following plan: • choose one change; • explain why it is the best first step; • give two practical recommendations; • mention another useful change; • conclude your opinion.
Ответы
- 1.Ответ: Образец чтения: соблюдайте правильное ударение в словах healthy, balanced, exercise, sufficient, prevent; делайте паузы после предложений и перед союзом and.Пояснение: При чтении необходимо правильно произносить слова и соблюдать фразовое ударение. Следует делать паузы в конце предложений и не читать текст монотонно.
- 2.Ответ: 1) I usually sleep about eight hours a day. 2) I prefer swimming and cycling because they are enjoyable and keep me fit. 3) I visit a doctor once a year for a regular medical check-up. 4) Regular breaks, music and communication with my friends help me avoid stress.Пояснение: В каждом ответе нужно непосредственно ответить на вопрос и добавить краткое пояснение. Желательно использовать полные предложения и лексику по теме здоровья.
- 3.Ответ: 1) Some teenagers find it difficult because fast food is convenient and often cheaper than healthy food. They may also lack knowledge about balanced nutrition. 2) Schools can organise sports clubs, competitions and active breaks. They should offer different activities so that every student can find something interesting. 3) Regular breaks help students relax their eyes, reduce tiredness and concentrate better on their studies.Пояснение: Ответы должны содержать причины и конкретные примеры. Для выражения рассуждения используются because, also, so that и конструкции с help.
- 4.Ответ: In my opinion, going for a daily walk is better for a busy teenager. First of all, walking does not require special equipment or a membership, so it is quite affordable. Secondly, it is easy to include a walk in a daily routine, for example, by walking home from school. Joining a gym can be useful, but it takes more time and may be rather expensive. To sum up, daily walking is a simple and effective way to stay healthy.Пояснение: Монолог должен иметь чёткую структуру: мнение, два обоснования, недостаток альтернативы и вывод. Важно использовать связующие слова first of all, secondly, but, to sum up.
- 5.Ответ: Образец чтения: правильно произносите prevention, treatment, attention, necessary, discover и professional; соблюдайте паузы после первого и третьего предложений.Пояснение: Нужно передать смысл текста с помощью правильного произношения, логического ударения и пауз. Особое внимание следует уделить многосложным словам.
- 6.Ответ: 1) I usually eat porridge, fruit and yoghurt for breakfast. 2) I make a timetable and try to finish my homework before I relax. 3) I would like to give up eating sweets late in the evening. 4) Parents, teachers and doctors can help teenagers make healthier choices by giving them useful advice.Пояснение: Следует отвечать в соответствии с вопросом, используя лексику о питании, режиме дня и вредных привычках. Ответы должны быть грамматически завершёнными.
- 7.Ответ: 1) Many young people go to bed late because they use their phones, watch films or do homework in the evening. 2) A person can start with short workouts two or three times a week and gradually increase their duration. It is also helpful to choose an enjoyable activity. 3) Smoking and other harmful habits damage the body, reduce energy and can cause serious diseases. Avoiding them helps people stay healthy for longer.Пояснение: В ответах нужно объяснить причины и предложить способы решения. Для выражения мнения и причин используются because, also, and конструкции can help.
- 8.Ответ: I partly agree that healthy food is more important than sport. A balanced diet gives the body necessary nutrients and helps people maintain a healthy weight. In addition, good nutrition can improve concentration and energy levels. However, some people believe that regular exercise is more important because it strengthens muscles and the heart. I think both habits are necessary, so it is impossible to stay healthy by focusing on only one of them. In conclusion, a balanced diet and regular physical activity should complement each other.Пояснение: В монологе требуется выразить частичное согласие, привести аргументы, назвать противоположную позицию и сделать вывод. Логика ответа должна быть последовательной.
- 9.Ответ: 1) I do physical exercises three times a week and often walk in the evening. 2) When I feel tired, I take a short break, drink some water and go outside. 3) Drinking enough water is important because it helps the body work properly and prevents dehydration. 4) Yes, I would like to spend less time on my phone before going to bed.Пояснение: Ответы должны быть содержательными, но не слишком длинными. Важно использовать Present Simple для описания привычек и конструкцию would like to для желаемых изменений.
- 10.Ответ: I think the best first step is to improve the quality of sleep. Without enough sleep, a person feels tired and cannot study or work effectively. My first recommendation is to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. My second recommendation is to stop using electronic devices at least thirty minutes before bedtime. Of course, a balanced diet and regular exercise are also important. However, good sleep can give my friend enough energy to make other healthy changes later.Пояснение: Нужно выбрать один вариант и обосновать его, предложив два практических совета. В конце следует упомянуть другие полезные привычки и сформулировать вывод.